lun
01
feb
2010
ORZO
Pianta resistente alle differenti gradazioni viene coltivata a diverse latitudini, tra cui l'Himalaya.
Con questo cereale si realizzano molti prodotti come la birra, il caffè d'orzo, il whisky, il pane ed ottime zuppe.
Questa pianta viene usata dalluomo fin dal Neolitico.
E' originaria dell'Africa Nord-Orientale e dell'Asia Occidentale.
Tra i primi popoli a utilizzarla ci sono grandi civiltà come gli egizi, i babilonesi, i cinesi e i sumeri.
Gli egiziani la utilizzavano per preparare pane azzimo e focacce.
Ippocrate, medico greco, consigliava di utilizzare l'orzo per decotti in quanto energico e digeribile.
Plinio il Vecchio ha scritto come i gladiatori avessero l'abitudine di consumarlo sotto forma di zuppa per la sua energia.
I cristiani lo usavano per fare il pane.
In Italia era molto consumato durante la Grande Guerra perché facilmente reperibile.
Oggi l'orzo ha ritrovato la sua fetta di mercato nei bar e supermercati come prodotto solubile.
Tra i maggiori produttori di orzo figurano Russia, Canada, Germania, Francia e Spagna.
In Italia viene seminato in ottobre e, in commercio, lo ritroviamo di tipologie differenti:
- Mondano o decorticato, va cotto per molto tempo. Contiene poche calorie e molti sali minerali, fibre e vitamine;
- Perlato, minori tempi di cottura e necessita di raffinazione. Tostato in forno a temperature sui 170-180 °C e macinato fino ad ottenere una polvere simile alla farina. Si usa per preparare
velocemente delle bevande aggiungendo acqua o latte. Le bevande vengono anche usate come sostitutivi del caffè;.
- Decorticato, una via di mezzo dei primi due tipi.
L'orzo è estremamente nutriente, ha un basso indice glicemico, alto contenuto di fosforo e contiene molte fibre. Ottimo alimento per anziani e bambini.
Il caffè d'orzo si produce dalle cariossidi (semi) ed è tonificante e altamente digeribile.
Inizialmente vista come bevanda povera, dagli anni '70 è diventata una bevanda di largo consumo.
Le proprietà dell'orzo sono molteplici:
Antifiammanti e rinfrescante;
Sollievo al colon irritato;
Proprietà lassative;
Contrasta la gastrite e il reflusso gastrico;
Proprietà emollienti;
Rinforza il sistema immunitario;
Stimola la circolazione periferica;
Rimineralizzante delle ossa.
L'orzo in grani produce 330 calorie circa per ogni 100 grammi, il caffè d'orzo non apporta calorie se non quelle dello zucchero aggiunto come dolcificante.
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